I. The must-answer philosophical questions about computing in 5W and 1H.

• 1) what: regarding computing machines,
• 2) who to service whom: regarding computing processors, operators, controllers, owners, stakeholders and external users,
• 3) when: regarding the time of the computing event,
• 4) where: regarding the place of the computing event,
• 5) why: regarding the purpose of the computing event,
• 6) how: regarding the methods of computing-enabled problem solving services.

II. The must-have computing paradigm to cover 5W&1H, answering all philosophical questions without ambiguity.

i. The well-defined Computing Paradigm comprises 4 paradigmatic pillars, starting from:

• 1) hardware architectures,

as in 1) open-end Point-node-structural von-Neumann architecture in one (1) internal node-processing environment, 2) multi-Point-nodes Linearly-connected open-end 1D-infrastructural (LAN) network architectures in both internal node-processing and external nodes-networking two (2) environments, 3) multi-1D-nodes planarly-aggregated open-end 2D-infrastructural (ANN) network architectures in two (2) environments and 4) multi-2D-planar-nodes hierarchically-integrated closed-loop 3D-core-structural workgroup architectures in internal workgroup-processing, internal workgroup-collaborating and external workgroup-networking three (3) environments,

• 2) software theories,

as in 1) 1-environmental open-end structural OSs and mnemonic data-function algorithm programming, 2) 2-environmental open-end structural network-OSs and lead-time syntax data-model application programming and 3) 3-environmental closed-loop structural workgroup-OSs and real-time semantic sentential-domain operation and management programming,

• 3) system disciplines,

as in 1) 1-environmental DOS node-systems, 2) 2-environmetnal lead-time developed data-model/data-manipulating predicative-AI node-systems as well as 2-environmental lead-time developed GPT-model/deep-learning generative-AI distributed-nodes 1D/2D-infrastructural-systems and 3) 3-environmental real-time self-evolving sentential-domain/self-learning smart-AI 3D-workgroup-systems,

• 4) service facilities,

as in 1) 2-environmental multi-1D/2D-infrastructures-aggregated 2D-zone, multi-2D-zones-aggregated 2D-platform, and multi-2D platforms-aggregated 2D-Internet, 2) 3-environmental multi-3D-workgroup systems-integrated 3D-zone, multi-3D-zones-aggregated 3D-platform and multi-3D-platforms-integrated 3D-Internet.

ii. The well-defined Computing paradigm delivers 5 paradigmatic services with hierarchical competency:

• 1) the first-level security-checking services,

as in 1) 2-environmental one-time unsafe and unsecure syntax data-interface security-checking and 2) 3-environmental any-time safe and secure semantic sentential-interactive security checking,

• 2) the second-level content-exchanging services,
  

as in 1) 2-environmental pre-existed fixed/real-time generative syntax data-content exchanging and 2) 3-environmental real-time smart agent/expert-generating semantic sentential-content exchanging.

• 3) the third-level knowledge-learning services,

as in 1) 2-environmental ad-hoc syntax ideas/well-tested routines/lead-time feedback experiences 3-level data-ontology knowledge deep-learning and 2) 3-environmental ad-hoc semantic ideas/well-tested routines/real-time feedback-control experiences/real-time multi-experience-aggregated scenarios/real-time multi-scenario-applied the current-best strategy 5-level sentential-terminology knowledge self-learning.

• 4) the fourth-level problem-solving services,

as in 1) 2-environmental lead-time developed syntax-data-application fixated-models/GPT-models aggregated predicate-AI/generative-AI problem-solving based on low-level syntax-data ontology and 2) 3-environmental real-time evolving semantic-sentential-operation/management domains integrated strong-AI/smart-AGI problem solving based on high-level semantic-sentential terminology,

• 5) the fifth-level contract-fulfilling services.

as in 1) 2-environmental real-time client-server-captive company-centric predicative-AI-enabled Coarse-Grained-Reactive (CGR) as well as generative-AI-enabled Fine-Grained-Reactive (FGR) company-centric-captive contract-fulfilling and 2) 3-environmental real-time multi-agent-negotiable user-centric smart-AI/AGI-enabled Fine-Grained-Proactive (FGP) contract-fulfilling.

III. The inevitable computing paradigm shifts if the current paradigmatic services are not acceptable.

• 1) the rationale:

If the current 5-paradigmatic services deliver unsafe security-checking, unreliable content exchanging, untrustable knowledge learning, unpredictable problem solving and unacceptable contract-fulfilling, then the existing 4 paradigmatic pillars must be upgraded.

• 2) shift procedures:

First and foremost, it is imperative to discover new and better hardware architectures that can upgrade and encapsulate the current existing hardware architectures, then to derive the related software theories, system disciplines and service facilities, establishing new and better 4 paradigmatic pillars.

• 3) all procedures completed:

The new and better computing paradigm is established to deliver new and better 5 paradigm services without unsolvable dilemmas and limitations.

IV. History has shown that the computing paradigm had shifted from 1-environmental processing-node-based to the current 2-environmental network-node-based.

• 1) 1-(processing-functional) environment-based von Neumann processing-node structures are upgraded and encapsulated

by 2-(internal processing and external networking functional) environment-based network-node structures,

• 2) 1-environmental node-processing OSs and functional software are upgraded and encapsulated

by 2-environmental node-networking OSs and application software,

• 3) 1-environmental DOS-like functional systems are upgraded and encapsulated

by 2-environmental nOS-like application systems,

• 4) 1-environmental multi-terminal-device-connected 1D-service facilities are upgraded and encapsulated

by 2-environmental multi-network-node system-aggregated 2D-service facilities,

• 5) 1-environmental paradigmatic services are upgraded and encapsulated

by 2-environmental paradigmatic services.

V. The current 2-environmental node computing paradigm (nCP) must be re-evaluated.

• 1) It is imperative to find out whether nCP is still primitive.

Based on the current 4 paradigmatic pillars, all the current node-computing systems from corporate systems/data centers to individual PCs/cellphones on the Internet, still provide 2-environmental client-server-captive and primitive 5 paradigmatic services with unsolvable security and privacy dilemmas.

• 2) Since it is still primitive, the best course of action is

to discover more sophisticated 3D-hierarchical workgroup-architectures to upgrade and encapsulate the current 2D-planar node-architectures. In so doing, the current 2-environmental nCP will evolve into the new and better 3-environmental workgroup Computing Paradigm (wCP), which is further equipped with 4 more-sophisticated pillars and capable of delivering 5 paradigmatic services with better efficiency and effectiveness.

• 3) Therefore, any incremental hardware and software improvements in the current 2-environmental cocooning nCP,

such as the current generative-AI applications for delivering level-2 unreliable content-exchanging services, can all be put together in the next 5-10 years, only to deliver level-3 untrustable knowledge-learning, level-4 unpredictable problem-solving and level-5 unacceptable company-centric captive Fine-Grained Reactive (FGR) contract-fulfilling services. Yes, the only way to get out of the current 2-environmental nCP cocoon is to naturally evolve into the new and better 3-environmental wCP, which will upgrade and encapsulate all the current 2-environmental primitive 5-paradigmatic services without worries and limitations.

The current nCP comprises 4 node-paradigmatic pillars in 2 functional environments:

(i.e., internal node-processing and external node-networking)

• 1) Primitive 2-environmental von Neumann node and node-networking (OSI-7) hardware architectures,

evolving from 1 environmental node-core-structures to 2-environmental networkable node-hub structures, multi-node linear-connected 1D-LAN infrastructures and multi-node planar-aggregated 2D-ANN infrastructures. These hardware architectures are lead-time expansion capable and they cannot evolve further, due to inherited limitations to integrate multiple node-hub structures and 1D/2D infrastructures into one 3D-Core structure.

• 2) Primitive 2-environmental open-end OSs and syntax data-model application programming software theories,

creating the open-end network-OSs to manage the star-topology flow of network node-hub structures and creating lead-time developed pre-defined data-model-based application programs for establishing the 2-environmental node-hub entity with real-time fixated application-thread model-PS (problem-solving) capabilities.

• 3) Primitive 2-environmental multi data-model aggregated weak-AI-PS (Problem-Solving) system disciplines,

generating stage-1 data-solution-model application systems, stage-2 data-solutions-storage-model database-systems, stage-3 data-knowledge-model appication system and stage-4 multi-solution model and knowledge model aggregated infrastructural-systems for coarse-grained-thread-based predictive-AI problem solving. the current stage-5 fine-grained GPT-model over distributed model aggregated infrastructural-systems for fine-grained-thread generative-AI problem solving.

• 4) Primitive 2-environmental 2D client-server centralized-AGI business service facilities on the 2D Internet,

estashishing 1) singular enterprise 2D-zone client-server service facilities for servicing internal business workers and stakeholders, 2) singular enterprise 2D-platform client-server services facililty for servicing external captive businesses (B2B) and consumers (B2C), 3) ubiquitous enterprises 2D-Internet client-server-centralized captive flawed-AGI service facilities for servicing external captive individual users.

The current nCP delivers 5 node-paradigmatic services in 2 functional environments:

• 1) unsafe 2-environmental pre-set data-model security-checking services:

providing 1) insecure data-string-token-based passwords for personal authentication, 2) data-token firewalls for one-time security checking, 3) no additional layer of environmental protection to prevent any external virus-data from directly hacking internal data-processing mechanisms due to 2 environmental processes.

• 2) unreliable 2-environmental pre-set/GPT data-model content exchanging services based on unsafe security:
  

providing 1) pre-set coarse-grained/common-generic/junk data-content exchanges for servicing the group’s needs, 2) generative fine-grained/imaginary/ill-willed data-content exchanges for servicing individual’s needs.

• 3) untrustable 2-environmental pre-set/GPT data-model knowledge learning services based on unreliable contents:
  

providing 1) lead-time data-content to ad-hoc level-1 data-solution knowledge deep-learning, 2) lead-time ad-hoc to routine level-2 data-solution knowledge deep-learning, 3) lead-time routine to experience level-3 data-solution knowledge learning, 4) lead-time multi-experience to scenario level-4 data-solution knowledge learning.

• 4) unpredictable 2-environmental pre-set/GPT data-model weak predictive/generative-AI problem solving services based on untrustable knowledges:
  

providing 1) multiple distributed-(data-solution) models aggregated into one-threaded data-solution model for solving pre-set pre-defined problems based on currently-learned data-knowledge levels. If current learned data-knowledge is still in level-1 ad-hoc level, then the aggregated solution model is unsound, yielding unpredictable problem-solving results that may be hazardous and detrimental.

• 5) unacceptable 2-environmental pre-set one-way-captive company-centric/centrallized flawed-AGI Coarse-Graind-Reactive(CGR)/Fine-Grained Reactive(FGR) contract-fulfilling services based on unpredicatable problem-solving:
  

providing 1) pre-set client-server services to captive users with pre-set CGR/FGR contract forming, 2) CGR/FGR contract performing without real-time managing the feedback for acceptability.

Description: the current primitive 2-environmental node-Computing paradigm

• 1) 4 primitive pillars:

Due to the primitive 2-environmental node/1D/2D architectures, the associated 2-environmental software theories are only limited to syntax-data-based and the data-centric theory-generated data-systems are only limited to fixated model-PS-based and the inter-data systems aggregated data service facilities are only limited to client-server based.

• 2) 5 weak-AI services:

Due to the fact that 2-environmental internal and external functional processes are using the same syntax-data, the data-security services can never safeguard any ill-willed data-hacking. Furthermore, the data-content services can be either pre-set with rigidity or generative with hallucinations. In addition, the data knowledge services can only lead-time data-deep-learn with data-solutional knonwledge that cannot real-time be applied to the current ever-changing problems with the current best data solutions, dubbed weak-AI-PS. Then, the client-server-enabled company-centric contractual services are only pre-set fixated, reactive and captive.

• 3) conclusions:

The 2-environmental nCP 4-pillars are primitive and cannot deliver acceptable 5 must-have transactional services. The only way to jump out this 2-environmental cocoon is to discover new and better “3D-hierarchical integration architecture”, so that 3-environmental hardware structures, software theories, system disciplines and service facilities can all be realized to upgrade all the current 4 primitive pillars.

The wCP comprises 4 paradigmatic pillars in 3 functional environments:

(i.e., internal workgroup-processing, internal workgroup-collaborating and external workgroup networking)

• 1) 3-environmental multi-node-evolved 3D Hierarchical-core workgroup hardware architectures,

evolving from 3D hierarchical integration of multiple 2-environmental workgroup-modified nodes and 1D/2D-infrastructures into a 3-environmental 3D-workgroup hierarchical-core structure (3D-wHCS). The 3-environmental 3D-workgroup architecture can evolve further, due to its hierarchical iterations. That is to say, the currently evolved multiple 3-environmental wHCSs can be used as base-level attribute-components that can be iteratively integrated into the next-generation bigger and better 3-environmental wHCS.

• 2) 3-environmental closed-loop workgroup-OSs, real-time dynamic sentential-terminology-based operation and management programming, semantic-domain-PS methods and real-time duality-evolving PS entity workgroup software theories,

creating the closed-loop workgroup-OSs to manage the feedback-control flow of wHCS and creating real-time dynamic sentential-term-(meta data-solution)-based operation and management (O&M) programs for establishing the 3-environmental evolving workgroup entity with real-time evolving O&M-(MIMO)-strand domain-PS capabilities.

• 3) 3-environmental real-time evolving entity-domain-PS Strong-AI/AGI workgroup system disciplines in 7 generations,

generating generation-1 sentential-solution Operation and Management (O&M) B1T1-(Base-level-1/Top-level-1) strand-domain and sentential knowledge B1T1-strand domain workgroup production systems, generation-2 solution strand and knowledge B1T1-strand-domain workgroup-assembly systems, generation-3 solution and knowledge B2&T3-strand domain basic-AI-PS workgroup-fabrication systems, generation-4 pre/during-solution and during/post knowledge B4&T7-strand domain strong-AI-PS workgroup agent/expert- transaction systems, generation-5/6/7 pre/during service-contract and during/post service-contract knowledge B4&T7-strand domain Strong-AGI-PS locale-service systems for businesses, consumers and individuals.

• 4) 3-environmental 3D workgroup multi-agent ubiquitous-AGI service facilities on the 3D-Internet,

establishing 1) smart Enterprise/Apparatus/PDA 3D-zone multi-agent service facilities for servicing internal business workers-stakeholders/consumers/individuals, 2) smart enterprise/apparatus/PDA 3D-platform multi-agent service facility for servicing external businesses (B2B), consumers (C2C) and individuals (I2I), 3) ubiquitous smart Enterprises/apparatuses/PDAs 3D-Internet multi-agent smart-AGI service facilities for servicing anyone, anytime and anywhere via smart-PDA equipped with strong-AGI smart-agents.

The wCP delivers 5 paradigmatic services in 3 functional environments:

• 1) 3-environmental real-time interactive sentential security-checking services:

providing 1) real-time interactive biometric security-checking for personal authentication, 2) real-time interactive semantic sentential conversations for anytime engaging parties’ security checking, 3) additional security layer of the workgroup environmental protection to prevent any external terms from directly hacking internal data-processing mechanisms due to 3 environmental processes.

• 2) 3-environmental real-time interactive sentential content-exchanging services:

providing 1) real-time fine-grained-agent/expert-knowledge-based semantic sentential-content exchanges for servicing any individual’s needs.

• 3) 3-environmental real-time interactive sentential-term knowledge self-learning services:

providing 1) real-time sentential-content to ad-hoc level-1 sentential-solution knowledge self-learning, 2) real-time ad-hoc to routine level-2 sentential-solution knowledge self-learning, 3) real-time routine to feedback-experience level-3 sentential-solution knowledge self-learning, 4) real-time multi-experience to scenario level-4 sentential-solution knowledge self-learning, 5) real-time scenario to strategy level-5 sentential-solution knowledge self-learning.

• 4) 3-environmental real-time interactive strong-AI/AGI semantic sentential-O&M-strand Domain problem solving services:
  

providing 1) multi O&M-strand domains for solving real-world dynamically-changing problems based on the current best level-5 strategy sentential-solution knowledge. This is the best way of solving problems in the real-time adaptive fashion, yielding the most feasible problem-solving results that are neither hazardous nor detrimental.

• 5) 3-environmental real-time two-way-negotiable user-centric/ubiquitous smart-AGI Fine-Grained-Proactive (FGP) Contract-fulfilling services:

providing 1) real-time negotiable multi-agent services to any users with Fine-Grained Proactive (FGP) contract forming, 2) FGP contract performing with real-time managing the feedback for acceptability.

Description: The New and better 3-environmental workgroup Computing Paradigm

• 1) 4 sophisticated pillars:

Due to the 3-environmental workgroup 3D-architectures, the associated software theories are capable of handling real-time interactive semantic-sentential-grammar based workgroup programming and the semantic sentential theory-generated sentential-systems are capable of handling real-time evolving domain-PS and the inter-sentential systems 3D-integrated sentential-service facilities are capable of handling real-time negotiable multi-agent sentential-contract service transactions.

• 2) 5 strong-AI/AGI services:

Due to the fact that 3-environmental internal and external functional processes are using syntax-data and semantic sentential-terms, the sentential-security services can safeguard any ill-willed data-hacking. Furthermore, the sentential-content services can be obtained via real-time agent/expert 5-level sentential knowledge that are proven useful in previous experiences. In addition, the sentential knowledge services can real-time self-learn with sentential-solution-based knowledge that can real-time be applied to the current ever-changing problems with the current best strategies, dubbed strong-AI/AGI-PS. Then, the multi-agent enabled user-centric smart-AGI contractual services can be real-time negotiable, proactive and free from any security and privacy issues.

• 3) Conclusion:

The 3-environmental wCP 4-pillars are sophisticated and can deliver acceptable 5 must-have hierarchical transactional services based on open/interactive strong-AI/smart-AGI multi-agents of all involved parties. This is the only way to jump out of the current 2-environmental centralized/captive weak-AI/flawed-AGI client-server cocoon is to evolve into 3-environmental hardware structures, software theories, system disciplines and service facilities, so that the 2-environmental primitive 4-paradigmatic pillars and unacceptable 5-paradigmatic services can then be upgraded and encapsulated.

The new and better “Strong-AI/AGI” workgroup-Computing Paradigm (wCP), comprising

• 1) multi-node 3D-hierarchical-integrated workgroup-processing/collaborating/networking 3-environmental workgroup architectures,

• 2) 3-environmental 3D-hierarchical closed-loop feedback-control OSs and semantic sentential domain-problem-solving programming theories,

• 3) real-time interactive sentential-solution and sentential-knowledge-based strong-AI/AGI workgroup operation and management systems,

• 4) 3D-integrated “multi-agent-negotiable user-ubiquitous smart-AGI” semantic-information service facilities on the 3D-Internet,

is ready to upgrade and encapsulate the current “weak-AI” node-Computing Paradigm (nCP), comprising

• 1) uni-node 1D/2D-planar-aggregated node-processing/networking 2-environmental von Neumann architectures,

• 2) 2-environmental 2D-planar open-end hub-control OSs and syntax-data model-problem-solving programming theories,

• 3) lead-time fixated data-solution and data-knowledge-based weak-AI node application systems,

• 4) 2D-aggregated “client-server-captive company-centralized flawed-AGI” syntax-data service facilities on the 2D-Internet, laden with unsolvable security/privacy issues.